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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">小兒消化不良,又稱「嬰幼兒腹瀉」,是一種常見的消化道疾病,主要發生在兩歲以下的嬰幼兒身上。此病的臨床表現主要是小兒的排便次數增多且呈黃綠色,大便稀薄並帶有不消化的乳食和黏液。現代醫學一般認為,此病與飲食及小兒自身免疫系統有關。除此之外,不良的生活習慣和氣候突變也有可能導致本病發生。
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue">●診斷
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">腹瀉:"Times New Roman"">一天腹瀉在10mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">次以下,大便呈黃色或帶綠色,水分不多,腹部脹氣,偶有嘔吐,有時發燒,但不太高,病童食慾不振但精神尚好。
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue">●選穴及治療方法
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">單純火罐法
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">所選穴位:水分、天樞、氣海、關元、大腸俞、氣海俞、關元俞
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">治療方法:讓病童取仰臥位,以閃火法將罐吸拔在腹部穴位上,留罐2"MS Mincho"">∼5mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">分鐘,然後再改為俯臥位,以閃火法將罐吸拔在背部諸穴上,留罐2"MS Mincho"">∼5mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">分鐘,每日1"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">次即可。
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">溫水罐法
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">所選穴位:神闕
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">治療方法:讓病童取側臥位,在火罐中加入三分之一的混入薑汁或蒜汁的溫水,然後用閃火法將罐吸拔在神闕穴上,留罐5"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">分鐘。每日治療1"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">次。
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue">●注意事項
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">病童在治療期間應調整飲食以減少腸胃負擔,多喝水以防脫水。
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:green">小兒腹瀉
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">小兒腹瀉是嬰幼兒最常見的疾病之一,對健康影響很大。多發病於2"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">歲以下的小兒,以腹瀉為主要症狀。一般說來,由飲食不當、氣候影響而致瀉的,病情較輕,病程也較短;由胃腸道感染引起的腹瀉病情較重,歷時較長;由腸道外感染,比如上呼吸道感染、中耳炎、泌尿道感染等引起的腹瀉,在原來的疾病治癒之後,通常腹瀉狀況也會改善。
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue">●診斷
1 mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">輕症:mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">腹瀉物呈稀糊狀、蛋花湯樣或水樣,或有少許黏凍,但無膿血,每日數次到十多次。病童大便前可能啼哭,似有腹痛狀,亦會有輕度心嘔吐。不發燒或低熱,無其他不適症狀。
2 mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">重症:mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">病童一天可以腹瀉十多次,甚至二十次以上。伴有嘔吐、高燒、體倦、嗜睡等現象,間有煩躁,並有以下症狀。
①mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">脫水:眼眶與囟門凹陷,皮膚彈性減弱或消失,黏膜乾燥,少尿或無尿。
mso-bidi-font-family:"MS Mincho"">②mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">循環衰竭:吐瀉嚴重時,大量失水使血液濃縮,循環血量減少而引起循環mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">衰竭。面色蒼白,肢冷,脈微數,心音弱,血壓下降。
mso-bidi-font-family:"MS Mincho"">③mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">酸中毒:嘔吐次數很"Times New Roman"">多,呼吸深而快,煩躁不安,嘴唇呈櫻桃紅。
mso-bidi-font-family:"MS Mincho"">④mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">低血鈣症:常見於佝僂病與營養不良的腹瀉病童,易發生在酸中毒改善mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">後。多有煩躁不安,手足搐搦等症狀(表現為兩手手指伸直,略向手心彎曲,拇指貼近掌心,兩足趾僵直並略向腳心彎曲),嚴重時可見驚厥。
mso-bidi-font-family:"MS Mincho"">⑤mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">低血鉀症:多發生於脫水狀況初步改善、尿量增多之後,體倦,腹脹,心mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">音低鈍,膝反射消失。
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue">●選穴及治療方法
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">出針罐法
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">所選穴位:神闕、雙側天樞、長強
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">治療方法:在對穴位進行常規消毒後,用1"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">寸毫針在雙側天樞穴各刺1"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">針(深約1 mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">公分mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">)。隨後再在長強穴和臍部各斜刺入1"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">針(深約2 mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">公分mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">),並在上述穴位上均捻轉2mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">分鐘。出針後,在神闕穴上拔罐,以使局部充血。每日1"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">次。