骨質疏鬆症與鈣及維生素D的關係

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minor-fareast;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#333399">＊mso-fareast-font-family:新細明體;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:
Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:red">骨質疏鬆症對健康之影響

mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:
新細明體;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">隨著人類壽命的延長，骨質疏鬆症已是全球第二大的重要流行病，僅次於心血管疾病。其後果是發生各部位之骨折，最容易發生骨折的部位為手腕骨、股骨、及脊椎骨，此外，骨質疏鬆症的患者，身高會變矮一些，有些患者會有嚴重的駝背現象，使頭部低垂到胸部，脊椎骨的壓塌，會壓迫到脊神經，造成肌肉無力、疼痛。新細明體;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-bidi-font-family:新細明體;color:#01586A">

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minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:red">骨質疏鬆症(Osteoporosis)mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:新細明體;mso-fareast-theme-font:
minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">是一種慢性骨症，成年人自35mso-fareast-font-family:新細明體;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:
Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">歲開始minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:新細明體;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">，即因骨骼中骨質損耗速度較快，使鈣質逐漸流失，尤其是停經後女性或55minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:新細明體;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">歲以上男性，在沒有足量鈣質補充下，骨質密度漸漸降低，骨骼內因而佈滿孔隙成疏鬆狀態，至年老時，骨骼硬度減弱，骨壁變薄而縮短，以致無法承受身體重量而產生彎腰駝背甚至骨折現象，在不同年齡骨質吸收和形成的速度不同，一般年過五十歲後每年會有2%mso-fareast-font-family:新細明體;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:
Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">的骨質流失mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:新細明體;mso-fareast-theme-font:
minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">。

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minor-fareast;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#333399">＊mso-fareast-font-family:新細明體;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:
Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:red">你是骨質疏鬆症高危險族群嗎？ 

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minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">東方人及白種人、老年人；吸煙、飲酒過量、咖啡或茶過量者；飲食偏高蛋白者；更年期後婦女、或是切除卵巢的婦女；長期臥床、缺乏運動者；懷孕期鈣質補充不足，不喝牛奶之婦女、長坐辦公室者、少曬太陽mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:新細明體;mso-fareast-theme-font:
minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">；長期服用某些藥物，如類固醇、利尿劑、抗凝血劑、抗癲癇藥物及常吃含鋁之制酸劑(minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:新細明體;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">胃藥)minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:新細明體;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">；患有肝病、腎病、糖尿病、腎結石、高血鈣、甲狀腺機能亢進、副甲狀腺機能過盛、風濕性關節炎、僵直性脊椎炎者，都是骨質疏鬆症高危險族群

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minor-fareast;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#333399">＊mso-fareast-font-family:新細明體;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:
Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:red">骨質疏鬆症要如何預防?!!

mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:
新細明體;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">骨骼的保健有兩個重點，(A)mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:新細明體;mso-fareast-theme-font:
minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#333399">適量的運動mso-fareast-font-family:新細明體;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:
Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">，可以刺激骨骼，增加骨骼肌肉的血流量，使骨骼得到充分營養；(B)Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:新細明體;
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#333399">均衡的營養minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:新細明體;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">，可以讓身體得到足夠的鈣質；在日常飲食中多食用一些高鈣食物，如牛奶或乳製品、豆類食品、綠葉蔬菜……minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:新細明體;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">等或補充好的鈣片使用。

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minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#333399">適當的負重運動mso-fareast-font-family:新細明體;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:
Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">，如慢跑、騎腳踏車、散步、爬樓梯、健行等，也能增進骨質，預防骨質疏鬆症，尤其是從事戶外運動，讓人體經由陽光照射自動合成維生素Dminor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:新細明體;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">，將有助於鈣質的吸收；同時運動可強化造骨細胞骨骼的耐受力，促進骨骼血流量，進而提高骨密度mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:新細明體;mso-fareast-theme-font:
minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">；而運動除了可增加骨質、肌力及關節柔軟度外，也能改善身體的協調能力，進而減少跌倒發生的機會和傷害。

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minor-fareast;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#333399">＊mso-fareast-font-family:新細明體;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:
Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:red">補充維生素D:

mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:
新細明體;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">維生素Dmso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:
新細明體;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">有麥角鈣醇(D2)mso-fareast-font-family:新細明體;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:
Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">與膽鈣醇(D3)mso-fareast-font-family:新細明體;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:
Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">兩種，D2minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:新細明體;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#333399">由植物性食品中的麥角固醇換而成mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:新細明體;mso-fareast-theme-font:
minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">，D3mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:新細明體;mso-fareast-theme-font:
minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#333399">由動物性食品而來，或是由體內的去氫膽固醇轉換而成minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:新細明體;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">。人體經由兩個途徑獲得維生素Dminor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:新細明體;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">：食物供應或體內自行合成。食物提供的維生素D2minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:新細明體;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">或D3minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:新細明體;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">都是脂溶性，吸收途徑與脂肪相同，在小腸中與膽鹽和油脂形成微脂粒，由小腸細胞吸收，進入乳縻管淋巴系統運送到全身組織利用。

mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:新細明體;mso-fareast-theme-font:
minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:red">維生素DCalibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:新細明體;
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:red">功能mso-fareast-font-family:新細明體;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:
Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">：

Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:新細明體;
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin">維持血鈣之恆定，配合副甲狀腺素的作用，維生素Dmso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:
新細明體;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">荷爾蒙促進小腸鈣之吸收、骨質分解釋鈣、以及腎臟鈣之保留。促進小腸磷之吸收以及腎臟對磷的保留。由於血鈣濃度不正常會影響骨骼成長、血液凝固、心跳與神經傳導，因此，維生素Dminor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:新細明體;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">是維護骨骼與牙齒之正常生長、發育與健康最重要的成分。

mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:新細明體;mso-fareast-theme-font:
minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:red">維生素DCalibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:新細明體;
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:red">缺乏原因

mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:
新細明體;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">攝取吸收不足導因於食物不足與營養不良，欠缺動物性食，在生長快速階段缺乏之危險和傷害最大。老年時維生素Dminor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:新細明體;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">的吸收降低mso-fareast-font-family:新細明體;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-fareast">；mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:
新細明體;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">陽光照射不足雖然體內有合成能力，但是環境條件與生活習慣可能造成限制。

mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:新細明體;mso-fareast-theme-font:
minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:red">維生素DCalibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:新細明體;
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:red">食物來源mso-fareast-font-family:新細明體;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:
Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">：

Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:新細明體;
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin">光照不足時必須藉助食物供應，肝臟、蛋黃、魚肝油、營養強化之乳品與奶油。

mso-fareast-font-family:新細明體;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-fareast;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#333399">＊mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#333399">依美國藥典USPmso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#333399">鈣的種類及吸收率:

乳酸鈣（13%）：Calcium Lactate

檸檬酸鈣（21%）：Calcium Citrate

磷酸鈣（38﹪）：Tricalcium
Phosphate (磷酸雙鈣23%，磷酸鈣三鈣38%)

碳酸鈣（40﹪）：Calcium
Carbonate

mso-fareast-font-family:新細明體;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-fareast;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#333399">＊mso-fareast-font-family:新細明體;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:
Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:red">選擇鈣片應注意甚麼?!!

mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:
新細明體;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">美國食品與藥品管理署(FDA)mso-fareast-font-family:新細明體;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:
Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">於1982mso-fareast-font-family:新細明體;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:
Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">年4mso-fareast-font-family:新細明體;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:
Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">月在FDAmso-fareast-font-family:新細明體;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:
Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">的Drug Bulletin(minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:新細明體;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">官方公佈欄)minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:新細明體;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">鄭重警告鈣質補充劑重金屬污染的危險，包括生物來源鈣(natural organic source)mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:新細明體;mso-fareast-theme-font:
minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">及天然礦石來源鈣(rock mineral source)mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:新細明體;mso-fareast-theme-font:
minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">，都可能有鉛污染的風險！尤其是乳幼嬰兒、兒童、孕婦、授乳婦及老年人必須特別小心，應慎選”minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:新細明體;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">品質”minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:新細明體;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">攝食！